Top Surfboards for Beginner to Intermediate Surfers
Intro
Embarking on the journey of surfing can feel overwhelming, especially for those just dipping their toes in the vast ocean of this exhilarating sport. Choosing the right surfboard stands at the cornerstone of your surfing experience, especially for beginners and those stepping into intermediate territory. The surfboard acts as your primary tool, influencing not just your learning curve but also your enjoyment of the waves. Selecting a board that aligns with your skill level, surfing style, and physical attributes can make all the difference.
In this guide, we will navigate the essential aspects of surfboards suited for beginner to intermediate surfers. From fundamental surfing techniques to intricate details about surfboard selection, this article endeavors to furnish you with informative insights. Understanding each element is crucial in refining your skills and ensuring a smoother progression on your surf journey.
Surfing Techniques
When you first take to the water, mastering basic techniques is crucial for building confidence. To excel, it’s beneficial to start with well-established practices that create a solid foundation.
Beginner Tips for Getting Started
- Paddle Strategy
Developing a proper paddling technique can significantly affect your ability to catch waves. Keep your body parallel to the surfboard initially, and use long, even strokes to propel yourself forward. Leaning too far can tip the board over, making it hard to balance. - Positioning for Waves
Understanding where to sit in the water is foundational. Avoid being too close to the shore, where small waves might crash. Instead, find the sweet spot in the lineup where waves start to break. - Pop Up Method
Successful wave riding requires a quick transition from paddling to standing up. Practice popping up on the beach. Start lying down, then push up with your arms, bringing your feet beneath you in one swift motion.
Advanced Maneuvers and Tricks
As you grow more comfortable, pursuing advanced techniques can help elevate your surfing game.
- Bottom Turns: This is the key maneuver that allows you to generate speed from the wave. Initiate by turning your board down the face of the wave before shooting back up.
- Cutbacks: Once you feel the rhythm of the wave, try a cutback. Aim to turn back toward the curl of the wave after riding down the line, allowing for dynamic speed shifts.
- Aerials: Though high advanced, working on small jumps off the wave lip can add flair to your surfing. It requires significant skill and control, so take your time.
Surfboard Selection
Picking the right surfboard is akin to choosing the right partner for a dance—it's about harmony and understanding each other's strengths and weaknesses. As a beginner or intermediate surfer, aligning your board choice to your surfing style and ensuring it meets your skill level is paramount.
Choosing the Right Board for Your Style
When selecting a surfboard, various types cater to different styles. Longboards provide stability and ease, making them ideal for beginners needing more volume. In contrast, shortboards are best suited for those wanting speed and agility but might feel less forgiving for novices. Consider your waves too; if you're riding primarily smaller waves, you might opt for a fish board, offering versatility and ease.
"The right surfboard can transform your surfing experience from frustrating to exhilarating."
Surfboard Maintenance and Care
Maintaining your surfboard is crucial. Simple acts like rinsing it with fresh water after every use can prolong its life. Store it in a shaded area away from direct sunlight to prevent it from warping. Regularly check for dings and repair them promptly to ensure it’s always ready for those perfect swells.
Understanding Surfboard Basics
When it comes to catching waves, understanding the surfboard you ride is essential. This can make or break your experience on the water, especially for beginners and intermediates looking to hone their skills. A surfboard is not just a piece of equipment; it’s your partner in the quest for that perfect ride. Knowing the ins and outs of surfboards enables surfers to make informed decisions, optimizing their enjoyment and progress.
The Role of a Surfboard in Surfing
At its core, a surfboard is the primary tool for riding waves. Without it, even the most skilled surfers would find themselves struggling to enjoy the ocean’s allure. The surfboard provides the balance and maneuverability needed to glide over water and navigate waves effectively. From the moment you step onto it, the right board enhances your ability to paddle out, catch waves, and perform tricks. For beginners, the right surfboard can build confidence, while for intermediates, it allows for greater expression and skill refinement.
Key Components of a Surfboard
A better understanding of a surfboard’s components can greatly influence your choice when selecting one. Each part contributes to the board's overall performance, which directly impacts how well you will ride.
Deck
The deck is the top surface of the surfboard where the rider stands. It’s crucial for stability and provides contact with the feet. A key characteristic of the deck is its material – most commonly foam used within soft tops, providing added cushioning for beginners and intermediate surfers. The softness of the deck minimizes falls' impacts, which is particularly beneficial for those just starting out.
While a textured surface can give an excellent grip, some decks are smoother, which may help experienced surfers attempting tricks but could pose challenges for novices. Knowing how the deck feels underfoot can significantly affect comfort levels in the water.
Fins
Fins play a vital role in steering and stability. They help maintain direction, increase speed, and facilitate turns. A standout feature of fins is their variety; you can find single, twin, thruster, or quad setups. For beginners, a thruster setup offers a balance that's favorable for stability while allowing some maneuverability. However, having too many fins can clutter the experience for someone just getting accustomed to riding waves. Choosing the right fin system is as much about personal preference as it is about functionality.
Rails
The rails are the edges of the surfboard. They affect how the board interacts with the water and, consequently, how it moves through it. Rails can be round, hard, or even soft. A notable characteristic is how they influence buoyancy; softer rails are more forgiving for beginner surfers, while harder rails help with performance. Optimizing rail width and shape contributes significantly to the board's responsiveness and ability to carve through waves. Choosing the rail type that matches your surfing style can enhance your overall experience.
Tail
The tail of the surfboard is the back end and is fundamental in how your board reacts during turns and on different types of waves. Different tail shapes, like squashed, pintail, or swallow, provide unique advantages. For example, a wide tail offers stability and lift, making it easier for beginners to maintain balance and control while a thinner tail excels at sharp turns, catering to intermediate surfers seeking responsiveness. Understanding how a specific tail impacts movement can guide your choice.
Types of Surfboards
There are various types of surfboards available, each designed for different surfing styles and skill levels. Knowing which type is suitable for you is a key step toward optimizing your time on the waves.
Shortboards
Shortboards are known for their agility and maneuverability. Typically ranging from five to six feet long, they are designed for high-performance surfing. Their narrow profiles allow for sharper turns which are favored by more advanced surfers looking to execute fast tricks. However, for beginners, they can feel less stable and challenging to balance on due to their size. For intermediates, transitioning to shortboards can open a new realm of performance, but it requires time spent mastering wave dynamics.
Longboards
Longboards offer a different experience; generally more than eight feet long, they provide more stability and ease of paddling. The longer length means that surfers can catch waves earlier and enjoy a smoother ride. Ideal for beginners, the forgiving nature of longboards helps to build essential skills over time. While they may not perform sharp turns like shortboards, their stability is advantageous for those just entering the sport.
Funboards
Funboards serve as a bridge between shortboards and longboards. Often around six to eight feet, they offer the stability of longboards while allowing for tricks and movement similar to shortboards. Their versatile nature caters to various skill levels, making them a popular choice for intermediate surfers wanting to lean into performance without sacrificing ease of use. They are also a great option for beginners looking to transition towards more advanced boards as they grow in confidence.
Soft Tops
Soft top surfboards are characterized by their foam tops, making them safe and durable. These boards are often used by beginners due to their forgiving nature—minimizing injury risks during falls. The soft surface makes paddling more comfortable, giving novices an easier time catching waves. However, they may not offer the same performance level or speed compared to traditional hard-top boards, which can be a disadvantage as surfers progress. They provide a solid base for learning fundamental skills before advancing.
In summary, understanding surfboard basics equips surfers with vital knowledge to enhance their performance and overall experience in the water. With various components, types, and their respective functions, selecting a surfboard tailored to one's specific needs can pave the way for enjoyable and effective surfing.
Choosing the Right Surfboard
Selecting the right surfboard is crucial for those diving into the waves, especially for beginners and intermediate surfers. This choice can significantly impact your learning curve and overall enjoyment on the water. When you pick a surfboard that aligns with your abilities and the conditions you'll face, it transforms challenges into manageable experiences. You'll find that choosing wisely can enhance your skills and provide you with more confidence on the surf.
Factors to Consider
Before diving into options, several factors shape the best surfing experience.
Skill Level
Your skill level determines not just what surfboard you should consider but how you’ll progress in your surfing journey.
With beginners, a board that offers stability and ease of use is vital. Shortboards might look slick, but they often require a solid foundation of skill. For a beginner, opting for a soft-top board can be a beneficial choice. These boards are forgiving and allow you to focus on mastering balance and paddling without the steep learning curve a high-performance board requires.
In contrast, intermediate surfers might seek boards that offer a bit more agility and responsiveness, allowing for more complex maneuvers as they grow. The key characteristic here is recognizing your current level and aligning it with a board that meets your skill requirements.
Wave Conditions
Every wave tells its own story, and your surfboard needs to match the conditions you’re embarking into.
Beginners often find themselves in smaller, gentler waves which call for wider, buoyant boards. Wider boards help beginners catch waves easier and feel stable while standing. When the waves get bigger and choppier, a performance-oriented board for intermediate surfers becomes more appealing, as it offers better control and responsiveness.
Choosing the right surfboard for the right wave conditions can make or break your session, as it influences how well you can navigate. Experienced surfers can benefit from versatile boards that transition between different wave types easily.
Body Type
Your body type plays a role in finding a surfboard that feels right under your feet. A heavier individual might find more success with a larger, thicker board, providing the buoyancy necessary to paddle easily and catch waves effectively.
Teenagers and lighter individuals usually do better with a smaller board that fits their weight and strength. This trade-off between size and control is essential; if a surfboard doesn’t support your body type, frustration may set in quickly.
Budget
Finally, your budget will also dictate what options are available. High-performance boards can run quite expensive, especially if they are made from premium materials. For someone just starting, sticking to more affordable options is sensible. Soft-top boards are often budget-friendly while still offering a quality experience.
But remember, investing in a well-made board, even at a higher price point, can pay off in durability and performance as you improve. That said, the balance between quality and price is a tightrope that every surfer must walk.
The Importance of Volume
Volume in a surfboard refers to its buoyancy—the more volume, the easier it is to paddle, catch waves, and maintain stability. For beginners, a higher volume board helps ease the transition from land to water, allowing ample time to practice balancing. Intermediate surfers can utilize their understanding of volume to find boards that suit specific conditions or types of maneuvers they’re trying to master. Finding that sweet spot is vital, as volume affects everything from paddle power to how your board maneuvers through different types of surf.
In summary, understanding factors like skill level, wave conditions, body type, and budget can lead to a much more satisfying surfing experience. Paying close attention to these factors equips surfers with the foundational knowledge they need to choose a board that enhances their skills and enjoyment.
Best Surfboards for Beginners
Choosing the right surfboard is a vital step in the journey of a new surfer. It sets the stage for not only learning fundamental techniques but also building confidence in the water. A beginner-friendly surfboard usually means a softer, more forgiving construction, allowing novice riders to practice without the fear of harsh consequences during a wipeout. The right choice here can lead to a more enjoyable experience, influencing the trajectory of one’s surfing journey.
There are specific elements and benefits to consider when selecting surfboards suited for beginners. Primarily, the dimensions and volume play crucial roles in ensuring stability and ease of paddling. A board with more volume usually provides better buoyancy, making it easier for first-timers to catch waves. Additionally, beginners might benefit from a more forgiving surface like a soft top. A surfboard paired with the right characteristics can make all the difference between enjoying the thrill of riding waves and the frustration of falling off repeatedly.
Top Soft Top Surfboards
Soft top surfboards are highly recommended for those just starting their surfing adventures. Unlike traditional hard-top boards, soft tops offer a cushioned surface, which significantly reduces the risk of injury. Here are some notable features of top soft top surfboards:
- Safety: With their softer surfaces, these boards minimize the chance of bumps and bruises during falls.
- Stability: Many soft tops are wider and thicker, contributing to enhanced stability, perfect for novices who are still mastering balance.
Some great examples include:
- Wavestorm 8': This is a popular choice due to its lightweight, soft top, and durable construction. Easy to paddle and forgiving during a wipeout, it’s often the go-to for many beginners.
- Olu Hull 7'6" Soft Top: Known for its performance and stability, it allows beginners to progress without overwhelming frustration.
Beginner-Friendly Longboards
Longboards tend to excel for beginner surfers, thanks to their length and volume. They provide ample paddling power and stability, letting fledgling surfers enjoy more time riding the waves instead of focusing on balancing.
Key benefits include:
- Ease of Paddling: The longer length results in a more streamlined shape, making them easier to paddle.
- Smooth Waves Riding: Longboards glide smoothly over the water, allowing beginners to catch small waves effortlessly.
Some well-regarded longboards for novices are:
- BIC Sport 9'4": Recognized for its durability and ease of use, this board fosters a good learning environment.
- Verve 9': This board merges fun and utility, giving newbies good traction and stability.
Recommended Funboards
Funboards stand at a perfect middle ground between shortboards and longboards, allowing versatility in differing wave sizes. They appeal to both beginners and intermediate surfers looking to refine their skills. With a design meant for added stability and ease of turning, funboards often become favorites among those learning the ropes.
For novice surfers:
- Storm Blade 7'6": This is an adaptable choice with ample surface area while still being fairly maneuverable.
- Catch Surf Beater 5'8": Though shorter, it’s playful and fun, promoting a lighthearted approach to surfing.
Selecting the right surfboard, especially for beginner surfers, can set the pace for mastering the waves. By focusing on soft tops, longboards, and funboards, learners can find the tools that suit their learning style best, ensuring that they hit the waves with confidence.
Best Surfboards for Intermediate Surfers
When it comes to making that leap from a novice rider to someone with a bit more skill under their belt, selecting the right surfboard can make all the difference. Intermediate surfers tend to have a different set of needs compared to beginners. They require boards that not only provide stability and ease of paddle but also allow for more maneuverability as they become more confident in their surfing abilities. Choosing wisely means considering the type of waves you'll usually tackle, your style of surfing, and personal comfort on the board.
Traveling down this path, you’ll discover how the right board can enhance not just performance, but also overall enjoyment of the sport. From the type of materials used to design features that cater to sharper turns or greater speed, a solid board can help take your surfing to new heights. Let's dive into two specific categories that are tailored for those who are ready to step up their game.
Popular Shortboards
Shortboards, as the name suggests, are generally shorter in length, usually ranging from 5’6” to 6’6”. They’re designed for speed and agility, making them ideal for performing tricks and riding steeper waves. This makes them a popular choice for intermediate surfers looking to express their style through quick maneuvers and sharp turns.
Characteristics of Popular Shortboards:
- Narrower Nose: Provides a smaller surface area for cutting through waves more seamlessly.
- Thinner Profile: Helps maintain speed and perform more radical turns.
- Rocker Profile: A pronounced rocker, or curve, allows for easy turns but is balanced enough to catch waves effectively.
Moreover, beginner surfers can sometimes find shortboards challenging, as they require a bit more precision in paddling and balancing. However, for those who have developed a good control over their skills, shortboards become an extension of their abilities, allowing for fluidity and creativity in the surf.
Remember: Choosing the right shortboard can be crucial. Research and even try out different shapes and materials to find what best complements your surfing style.
Hybrid and Performance Boards
Hybrid and performance boards are a blend of various surfboard designs, targeting those who want the best of both worlds. Intermediate surfers often gravitate towards hybrids as they balance the stability of longer boards with the maneuverability of shorter ones. They can be ideal for surfers looking to adapt to changing conditions and varying wave heights.
Key Features of Hybrid and Performance Boards:
- Versatile Length: Typically around 6’ to 7’ long, offering a mix of stability and agility.
- Width and Volume: Extra width helps maintain balance, while added volume ensures you float better on small waves.
- Tail Shape Options: Performance boards come with various tail shapes (like squash, swallow, or pin) that affect speed and turning capabilities dramatically.
Intermediate surfers can utilize these boards for not just developing technical skills but also experimenting with different styles of riding, whether that be more laid-back cruising or fiercely aggressive carving.
Material Composition of Surfboards
When it comes to surfboards, the material composition is a cornerstone that influences everything from performance to durability. Different materials offer various benefits and challenges, which is crucial information for both beginner and intermediate surfers. Understanding these materials can help you make a more educated choice, ultimately enhancing your surfing experience.
Epoxy vs. Polyester
Surfboards are primarily made from two types of resin: epoxy and polyester. The choice between these two can greatly affect both your performance on the waves and the longevity of your board.
Epoxy boards are made with a lightweight and resilient resin that has become increasingly popular. One significant benefit of epoxy boards is their buoyancy, which can aid in paddling and catching waves. This makes them particularly appealing to beginners who are still mastering their skills. Moreover, epoxy boards are generally more resistant to dings and dents compared to polyester boards.
On the flip side, polyester boards tend to be favored by more experienced surfers, especially those who appreciate a traditional feel. While they can be heavier and more prone to damage, polyester boards often provide a better flex and responsiveness, making them feel more connected to the wave. Some surfers argue that the ride on polyester boards is more dynamic, adding to the overall surfing experience.
So, what should you choose? Here’s a quick rundown to help you decide:
- Epoxy Boards
- Polyester Boards
- Lightweight and buoyant
- More durable against dings
- Ideal for beginners
- Offers a traditional feel
- Better flex for experienced surfers
- Heavier and more likely to get damaged
Sustainability in Surfboard Manufacturing
In recent years, sustainability has taken center stage in many industries, and surfboard manufacturing is no exception. The increasing concern over environmental impact has led to innovations that not only make boards more eco-friendly but also cater to the modern surfer’s mindset.
One area gaining attention is the use of bio-resins, which are derived from renewable resources. These materials offer a more sustainable way to manufacture surfboards, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Some manufacturers are even experimenting with recycled materials, creating boards that have a smaller carbon footprint.
Another significant consideration is the process of production itself. Many traditional methods involve toxic chemicals, which not only harm the environment but also pose risks to workers. By choosing manufacturers committed to sustainable practices, surfers can align their passion for the ocean with a more eco-conscious lifestyle.
Here are some questions you might ask when evaluating the sustainability of surfboard materials:
- Are bio-resins used in the manufacturing?
- What is the lifecycle of the materials used?
- Is the company taking steps to minimize waste and energy use?
The choice of surfboard material isn’t just about personal preference; it carries implications for the environment. Being informed can make a difference!
In summary, when selecting a surfboard, the material composition plays a pivotal role in shaping your surfing experience. By weighing the advantages and shortcomings of epoxy versus polyester and considering the sustainability of manufacturing practices, you can choose a board that fits not just your style, but also your values.
Expert Tips for Selecting a Surfboard
When it comes to surfing, choosing the right surfboard isn’t just a matter of preference; it can drastically impact your learning curve and enjoyment out on the waves. It’s like finding the right pair of running shoes—without the fit and feel, every step feels a bit off. In this section, we will explore some expert advice that can guide you through the decision-making process, ensuring you select a board that meets your needs as a beginner or intermediate surfer.
Test Before You Buy
One of the most effective ways to find a surfboard that suits you is to try it out first. Surf shops often have demo days where you can take a board into the water without making a purchase. This practice of testing gives you a real sense of how the board reacts in actual conditions. Instead of just relying on reviews or photos, feeling the surfboard beneath your feet is invaluable. Look for boards that feel stable when paddling and responsive when you start to make turns. Every surfer has a unique style, and a board that works well for one person might not fit another.
Consider trying various sizes and shapes during your tests. You might gravitate towards a shortboard or notice that a longboard feels more comfortable. Take note of what you enjoy about each ride, and don’t hesitate to step out of your comfort zone.
Also, engaging with other surfers at the beach can provide insights you won't find online. Many are happy to share their experiences, and fellow surfers often have personal stories about specific boards and how they performed in various conditions.
Consulting with Professionals
Sometimes, you need to call in the experts. If testing boards on your own isn’t providing enough clarity, consider consulting with experienced surfers or professionals at surf shops. They have knowledge that goes beyond the surface—literally and figuratively.
When you speak to professionals, be clear about your skill level and what you aim to achieve. Are you simply looking to ride smaller waves, or do you aspire to tackle larger ones? Discuss your body type, preferred surf conditions, and even your budget. This information allows them to suggest boards that align more closely with your goals.
Furthermore, professional consultants can explain not just the differences in surfboard types but also how to maintain your boards, which is crucial for long-term use. They can often provide tips on accessories, like leashes and wax, that complement your board choice and enhance your overall surfing experience.
"Selecting a surfboard is not just a shopping trip; it's a voyage into exploring your surfing identity. Take your time and make it count!"
In the end, the process of selecting the right surfboard is deeply personal. Whether you're testing one out in the water or seeking expert advice, keep an open mind. The right board will be more than just a piece of equipment; it will become an extension of your surfing journey. Remember that your needs may evolve as you progress, so don’t hesitate to reassess your choices down the line. With experience, your understanding of your perfect surfboard will deepen, leading to countless fulfilling days on the waves.
Maintenance and Care for Surfboards
Taking care of your surfboard is as crucial as picking the right one. Proper maintenance ensures that your board stays in optimal condition, improving your surfing experience. A well-maintained surfboard not only performs better but also lasts longer, saving you money in the long run. Whether you surf every day or occasionally, regular upkeep can prevent costly repairs and will keep your board ready for action whenever the ocean calls.
Cleaning and Storage
Cleaning your surfboard should be a routine practice, much like brushing your teeth. After every session, it's advisable to rinse the board with fresh water to remove salt, sand, and other debris. Saltwater can corrode the materials over time, leading to dull performance or even structural damage.
- Rinse Thoroughly: Use a hose to wash off the board, paying special attention to the fins and tail, where most debris tends to accumulate.
- Drying: After rinsing, wipe the board down with a soft cloth. Leave it in a shaded area to dry instead of exposing it directly to the sun, as prolonged UV exposure can weaken the foam and fiberglass.
- Storage: When it comes to storing your surfboard, keeping it in a temperature-controlled environment helps. Invest in a surfboard bag to protect it from knocks and scrapes. When at home, keep the board upright or lying flat on a soft surface rather than leaning against a wall, which could lead to warping.
"Proper storage and cleaning routines can extend the lifespan of your surfboard significantly."
Repairing Minor Damage
It’s not unusual for surfboards to acquire dings and scratches over time, particularly for beginners still learning to navigate waves. Minor damage, if left unchecked, can lead to bigger issues. Repairing minor damage can often be a simple process that any surfer can tackle at home with the right materials.
- Identifying Damage: Regularly inspect your board for any cracks, soft spots, or yellowing areas. If you notice water seeping into the board, it’s a sign that repairs are necessary soon.
- Repair Kits: Consider keeping a repair kit handy. Commonly used materials include epoxy resin or fiberglass patches. For minor dings, sandpaper, and a strong adhesive can do the job.
- Application: For small dings, clean the area and surround it with painter's tape to avoid spills. Apply the resin per the instructions. After curing, sand it down for a smooth finish. This process not only keeps your board looking sharp but ensures that it remains structurally sound.
By devoting some time to cleaning and minor repairs, you’ll find that you're not only enhancing your surfboard's performance but also savoring a more enjoyable surfing experience on the waves.
The End and Recommendations
When it comes to surfing, the right board can make all the difference in your experience and skill development. Conclusively, selecting a surfboard is not merely about personal preference; it involves understanding various factors that influence your performance on the waves. This final section will summarize the information covered in earlier sections, emphasizing the key takeaways and recommendations for aspiring surfers.
Reflecting on Your Choices
This is a good moment to pause and reflect on the surfboards that resonate with your individual surfing journey. Each person's needs and capacities differ, and so does their affinity for particular shapes, sizes, and materials. Ask yourself:
- What is my current skill level? A beginner might find comfort in a soft-top or longboard, while an intermediate surfer may prefer a shortboard for maneuverability.
- What types of waves do I usually surf? Different surfboards perform better in various wave conditions. Understanding your local surf can guide your board choices.
- What’s my budget? There are surfboards at every price point. Find one that fits your financial plan but also allows for growth in your skills.
Consider consulting experienced surfers or local shop experts who can provide insights tailored to your needs. Their experiences and recommendations could steer you away from common pitfalls and enhance your surfing journey.
Future Trends in Surfboards
As the surfing world continues to evolve, stay informed about innovations shaping the future of surfboard design and materials. Here are a few trends to consider:
- Eco-friendly Materials: There’s a rising demand for sustainable surfing equipment. More brands are experimenting with materials such as bio-resins and recycled foam, offering boards that are not just performance-driven but also environment-friendly.
- Smart Tech Integration: Some boards are now equipped with sensors that can provide real-time data on performance metrics, helping surfers analyze their movements and make necessary improvements. Imagine riding a wave while tracking your speed and maneuverability at the same time!
- Customization: The rise of custom boards will continue, allowing surfers to get boards molded specifically to their preferences in length, width, or even shape. Brands are starting to utilize 3D printing, making intricate designs attainable at a reasonable price.
In summation, your journey from a novice to a more competent surfer relies heavily on the choices you make. Equip yourself with the right board, stay aware of future trends, and take heed of the recommendations here. The waves await, and with each ride, you'll grow more adept and confident.
